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December 2:
World AIDS Day (UN) - A day designated by the
United Nations and the World Health Organization to increase awareness
about AIDS in the world.
December 5:
Discovery Day (Haiti) - Commemorates the discovery
of Haiti by Christopher Columbus in 1492.
December 6:
St. Nicholas Day (International) - Celebrates
the life of St. Nicholas the Bishop. He is from Turkey and known for his
generosity. Many European countries exchange gifts with loved ones on
this day instead of Christmas.
December 7:
Earthquake Victims’ Memorial Day (Armenia)
- This day serves as a memorial to the 55,000 people killed in the 1988
earthquake in Armenia.
December 9:
Eid ul-Adha (Islamic) - This is the second
in the series of Eid festivals that Muslims celebrate. It is celebrated
by Muslims all over the world as a tribute to those who are completing
their pilgrimage in Mecca on that day.
December
12:
Chanukah or Hanukkah (Jewish) - This
is the last day of the eight-day festival.
December 13:
Luciadagen - St. Lucia’s Day (Sweden)
- Also known as the "Queen of Light." A candlestick parade takes
place in her honor.
December 15:
Navidades (Puerto Rico) - Marks the beginning
of Christmas season and ends with Three Kings Day, January 6.
December
16:
Victory Day (Bangladesh) - The day Bangladesh
gained independence from Pakistan.
Posadas (Mexico) - A nine-day celebration throughout
Mexico commemorating the search by Mary and Joseph for shelter.
December
20:
Eid ul-Adha (Islamic) - The second in the series
of Eid festivals that Muslims celebrate. It is also referred to as the
"Big Bayram" (from Turkish) or "Big Feast". Eid ul-Adha
is celebrated by Muslims all over the world as a tribute to those who
are completing their pilgrimage in Mecca on that day.
December 21:
Chanukah or Hanukkah (Jewish) - An
eight-day festival marked by the kindling of lights on a candle stand
called a menorah. *Begins at sundown of previous day. Hanukkah
is a Hebrew word meaning "dedication."
December 24:
Independence Day (Libya) - Gained independence
from Italy on this day in 1951.
Wigilia (Poland) - The eve of Christmas, celebrated
with elaborate Polish dishes.
December 25:
Christmas (Christian) - A celebration of the
birth of Jesus. Also celebrated as a secular holiday where large family
feasts occur and gifts are exchanged.
December 26:
Kwanzaa (African American) - Invented in 1966
by Dr. Maulana Karenga during the Black Freedom Movement of the 1960s.
It is a cultural holiday based on the first harvest
celebrations widely practiced in Africa. Each of the seven days of Kwanzaa
symbolizes one of the Seven Principles: unity, self-determination, collective
work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity and
faith. (Learn
more.)
Junanoo or Jonkonnu (Caribbean) -
A dancing parade that combines ancient African rituals with a Mardi Gras
style. It begins in the predawn hours and lasts until sunrise.
Boxing Day (Canada, Bahamas) - Celebrated
with variation according to location (Jamaica, UK), the origins of this
holiday are uncertain. One common variation is that it is the day the
servants are given gifts after spending Christmas waiting on their employers
and their guests. Another variation believes that this was the day that
priests opened collection boxes and distributed the money to the poor.
Wren Day (Ireland) - On this day, boys in wren
costumes go house to house with a captured wren, singing songs and gathering
coins. These coins help to pay for a big celebratory feast in the evening.
December 29:
Chanukah or Hanukkah (Jewish) - This is the last day of the eight-day festival.
December 30:
Rizal Day (Philippines) - Commemorates the
1896 death of Jose Mercado Rizal, a Philippine doctor and author whose
books denounced the Spanish administration.
December 31:
Hogmanay (Scotland) - The name given to the
Scottish New Year, the celebration of hogmanay dates back to pagan times
when people burned fires in the depth of winter to ward off evil spirits.
Omisoka (Japan) - To usher in the new year,
families clean their homes and eat toshi-koshi buckwheat noodles in the
hope that one’s life will be stretched out as long as the noodles.
New Year’s Eve (International) -The
day before the ushering in of a new year.
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(Click image to enlarge)
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Angela Cabrera Jones, Cuba
Cuba, Angela Cabrera Jones’ ancestral homeland,
has just about everything a person could want – a tropical
climate, natural beauty and an abundance of seafood and tropical
fruit. However, Cuba’s oppressive government forced Jones’
freedom-seeking parents to flee Cuba for the United States at a
time when immigration was still possible.
“Apart from the terrible political situation,
it’s a lovely area,” says Jones, Senior Creative Services
Designer, OJRP. |
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in Miami, she is a daughter of Cuban immigrant parents who became
naturalized American citizens. Less-fortunate relatives who left
much later were forced to come as refugees, often through the sponsorship
of a local church.
“A
love of life, with family as the basis,” is hallmark of Cuban
culture, Jones says. “That culture also celebrates the joy
of living in the present, as spoken by poets, composers of wonderful
music about tropical nights and sun-bathed beaches with lush fruit
growing freely, and surrounded by an incredible variety and abundance
of seafood in its waters.”
Jones says that island living has been strongly influenced by the
American work ethic, Spanish and African heritage and Caribbean
abundance. Education and a desire to improve one’s life pushed
the middle class to leave Cuba and to move elsewhere to avoid Cuban
leader Fidel Castro’s oppressive regime.
Jones’ family briefly returned to Cuba, where she attended
kindergarten. She completed her education in the United States,
spending a year in Spain, between high school and college.
Music plays a major role in Cuban culture, Jones says. “In
its complex and syncopated beats, Cuban music combines European
dance melodies, African rhythms and native folk influences.”
she says. “Today, Salsa and Creole jazz, are well-known, suitable
for dances such as the Meringue, Rumba and Mambo. Flutes, congas,
violins, brass, bongos, timbales and maracas, join with other stringed
and keyboard instruments to make a unique sound.”
Cuban culture shares some aspects with other Hispanic cultures,
such as celebrating Quinceañera, a “Sweet
15” birthday party, Jones says. “Whether lavish or simple,
the party celebrates a young girl’s coming of age into womanhood.
A major holiday that Cuba shares with other Spanish-speaking countries
is the 12th Day of Christmas, el Día de Los Reyes,
(Three Kings Day, or Epiphany). This occurs on January 6 and it
commemorates the Three Kings’ visit to the newly born Christ
Child.
“Gifts are exchanged then and children are told to set their
shoes by the side of the bed the night before,” she says.
If the children have been good, there will be treats of candy or
fruit or small gifts in their shoes by morning, but if they have
been bad, there could be coal or switches.”
“Even as refugees, Cubans have made good use of the opportunities
offered in the United States, in order to better themselves and
give back to the society that has received them so generously,”
Jones says.
“Cuban-Americans are very appreciative of these freedoms,
becoming informed, productive and vocal citizens once naturalized,”
she says. “An entrepreneurial enthusiasm has led to economic
success in the States, as the Cuban culture has assimilated and
yet kept its identity, contributing another ingredient to America’s
melting pot.” • |
Cultural Holiday Celebrations
When the end of the year rolls around, there are
plenty of celebrations, including Christmas, Kwanzaa and Hanukkah.
Each holiday has its own special meaning and is
recognized in different ways all over the world. Such celebrations
are usually marked by symbols that represent the beliefs and traditions
of the cultures.
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Christians, who celebrate
Christmas on Dec. 25, have holiday symbols such as
Christmas trees and wreaths that adorn homes and buildings. A simple
star is a known symbol linked to the celebration of the birth of Christ.
The wise men followed the Star of the East to where Jesus slept in
a manger. |
| Santa Claus,
a non-religious symbol of Christmas, is known as a jolly old man who
brings toys and gifts to children all over the world. Santa is actually
a combination of many legends and mythical creatures over time. Because
of this, different countries have their own versions of the holiday
figure, who is also known as Father Christmas and St. Nicholas. |
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Kwanzaa — a celebration
that allows African-Americans to acknowledge their commitment to
themselves, their families, communities and equality — is
commemorated Dec. 26 through Jan. 1. The celebration focuses on
a different principle each day. The principles range from unity
to collective work and responsibility. The mishumaa saba (seven
candles) stand for the Seven Principles. The placement of the mishumaa
saba (candles) in the kinara is as follows: Black, for the color
of African peoples everywhere, is located in the center.
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Three
red candles that represent the blood of the ancestors are placed
to the left. Three green candles that symbolize the earth, life,
and the ideas and promise of the future, are placed to the right.
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Beginning
December 26 with the black mushumaa, a different candle is lit for
each day, alternating from left to right. After the candlelighting,
the principle of the day is discussed.
The eight days of Hanukkah begin
this year on Dec. 4 at sundown. Hanukkah celebrates the Jews'
fight for religious freedom with a menorah or candelabrum. During
a ceremony to restore the contaminated Temple after the battle
between Jews and Syrian Greeks, pure oil had to be used. There
was enough oil for only one day; therefore, it was considered
a miracle when the oil burned for eight days.
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As
a result, Jews use the menorah as a reminder of that encounter by
lighting a new candle each night, in addition to the one lit the
previous night.
The menorah is to be placed in a window to show
and remind the world of the miracle that occurred thousands of years
ago. • |
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